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Where does such information come from? In each case, there is a monitoring system in place to generate data that is analyzed on a short-term basis to inform decision-making. Disease surveillance, weather monitoring, and school attendance tracking are all forms of monitoring.
In the context of project management, “Monitoring is a continuous and systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and reporting data on a project’s inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts, as well as external factors, to track whether actual project results are being achieved.” (OECD)
It can also be defined as “A continuing function that aims primarily to provide the management and main stakeholders of an ongoing intervention with early indications of progress, or lack thereof, in the achievement of results.” (UNDP)
Monitoring requires the collection of data at multiple points throughout the program/project cycle, including at the beginning to provide a baseline.
These data, when analyzed internally, pinpoint progress or constraints as early as possible, allowing managers to make the necessary adjustments as needed. Systematically generated monitoring data are also required to support project evaluations.
As an external instrument, monitoring provides donors, partners, stakeholders, and governments with clear, detailed information on the progress made towards the achievement of objectives and project purposes.
